Summary of What is FASCISM?

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  Fascism is a highly dangerous and commonly misused term in political discourse, particularly in America. It is crucial to properly understand and identify this destructive political ideology in order to prevent it from infiltrating modern governance systems. A concise definition of fascism is challenging due to its complex nature and varied historical manifestations. It is characterized by populist ultranationalism and a mythic core, leading to a rebirth of a nation. While fascism can be observed through extreme nationalism, it is essential to analyze its common ideological and functional traits rather than define it based on specific regimes or historical contexts. Each nation's unique values and cultural aspects contribute to a distinct manifestation of fascist ideology.

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  Fascism does not have a universal end goal like Marxism or anarchism; instead, it focuses on the emotionally charged idea of a nation's greatness. It is a set of philosophies and methods that appear in various non-fascist systems of governance. Fascist regimes share common traits such as extreme nationalism, idealistic views, authoritarianism, multi-class economies, and rejection of democracy. Despite actions that contradict its anti-principles, fascism thrives on creating a new paradigm for a unified nation. The essence of fascism lies in its promise to transform a society into a powerful, united entity led by an authoritarian state.

• 00:06:50

  Fascism is an economic system found in fascist regimes where violence is seen as a positive tool for achieving the state's goals. Fascists believe in a violent Darwinian struggle where only the strong survive to ensure the success of the nation. They aim to revolutionize society through mass mobilization and exalt a leader as a messiah, creating a secular Civic religion that replaces traditional religious principles. Fascist regimes prioritize the perceived strength of the male gender, limit women's rights, and exalt youth as the future of the nation.

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  Fascist movements appeal to the youth with charismatic leadership that combines populism and elitism, emphasizing the role of an elite Messianic figure to govern. These movements prioritize the militarization of government institutions, creating a party militia to enforce the will of the leader. The aftermath of the Great War, which caused strains on Europe and shattered the belief in European civilization, contributed to the rise of fascism in the early 20th century. The competing political ideals of liberalism, conservatism, and communism after the war failed to provide solutions, leading to the emergence of fascist sympathies.

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  Other world powers, liberals, and conservatives were dissatisfied with the outcome after World War I. Lenin's plan in Russia was contained quickly, leaving room for a fourth idea - fascism. Mussolini's right-hand man, Balboa, expressed disillusionment with politicians and the desire for renewal through fascism. Fascism differed from conservatives by valuing strength not just in the military but in national pride. It rejected self-determination for the strong to dominate weaker nations. Influenced by Nietzsche and Sorel, fascism promoted a grand myth to inspire revolutionary actions. Crowd psychology and Freudian ideas added to the appeal of early fascist movements.

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  The subconscious and irrational behaviors undermined traditional liberal values, leading to a questioning of the reliability of liberal democracy. Concepts such as eugenics and the belief in master races began to emerge, fueled by fears of societal collapse and decay. Nationalism and the defense of a unified national culture were seen as solutions to societal disintegration. Authors like Galton, Spengler, and George explored ideas that influenced fascist thinking, though attributing fascism solely to intellectual equations oversimplifies its complex origins and influences.

• 00:20:04

  In 1944, Klaus Von Stauffenberg's attempted assassination of Hitler highlighted the emotional rather than logical basis of fascism. Historian George Masa, after escaping Nazi Germany, dedicated his life to exploring the roots of fascism. He identified nine mobilizing passions that drive fascism, including crisis, duty, victimhood, decline, community, authority, superiority, violence, and domination. These feelings, rather than intellectual or cultural factors, form the foundation of fascist movements. Misusing the term "fascism" risks diluting its significance, enabling real fascists to evade detection and gain power.

• 00:23:47

  Fascism shares emotional foundations with past regimes. Understanding its traits is crucial in combating its persistence. It is essential to recognize and address the signs of fascism to prevent its resurgence.